中国大陆菲佣雇佣政策
Policies on Employing Filipino Domestic Workers in Mainland China
“菲佣” 是对 “菲律宾家政服务人员” 的简称，特指来自菲律宾、从事家庭服务工作的专业群体，英文通常称为 “Filipino Domestic Workers（FDWs）”。他们并非普通的 “保姆”，而是经过系统培训、具备专业技能的家政从业者，在全球家政服务领域享有较高知名度，是国际家政市场上极具代表性的群体之一。
"Filipino domestic helpers" is an abbreviation for "Philippine domestic service workers", specifically referring to the professional group from the Philippines engaged in household service work, commonly known in English as "Filipino Domestic Workers (FDWs)". They are not ordinary "nannies" but domestic workers who have received systematic training and possess professional skills. They enjoy a high reputation in the global domestic service field and are one of the most representative groups in the international domestic service market.
菲佣的起源
为何菲律宾会成为 “家政服务输出大国”？
The Origin of Filipino Domestic Workers
Why has the Philippines become a "major exporter of domestic services"?1.经济驱动：菲律宾曾长期面临国内就业机会不足、人均收入较低的问题，而家政服务在全球（尤其是发达国家和高收入地区）需求旺盛，成为菲律宾民众 “出国谋生、改善家庭经济” 的重要选择。
Economic Drivers: The Philippines has long faced a shortage of domestic employment opportunities and low per capita income. However, domestic services are in high demand globally (particularly in developed and high-income regions), making them a key option for Filipinos seeking to earn a living abroad and improve their family finances.2.政策支持：菲律宾政府将 “家政服务输出” 视为重要的外汇收入来源，不仅为从业者提供语言培训（英语、粤语、日语等）、家政技能培训，还通过官方机构规范输出流程，保障菲佣在海外的合法权益（如签订标准合同、设置最低工资标准等）。
Policy Support: The Philippine government considers the export of domestic services a significant source of foreign exchange. It not only provides language training (English, Cantonese, Japanese, etc.) and domestic skills training for domestic workers, but also regulates the export process through official agencies to protect the legal rights and interests of Filipino domestic workers overseas (e.g., by signing standardized contracts and setting minimum wages).3.文化适配性：菲律宾曾受美国殖民影响，英语普及率高（官方语言之一），便于与全球雇主沟通；同时，菲律宾文化中 “重视家庭、耐心细致” 的特质，也与家政服务的需求高度契合。
3. Cultural Compatibility: The Philippines, influenced by American colonial rule, has a high English penetration rate (one of its official languages), facilitating communication with global employers. Furthermore, the Filipino culture's emphasis on family, patience, and meticulousness resonate well with the demand for domestic services.菲佣的核心特点
为何能获得全球认可？
Core characteristics of Filipino domestic workers
Why have they gained global recognition?1.专业性强：多数菲佣需通过官方或第三方机构的系统培训，内容涵盖家务料理（清洁、收纳、烹饪）、婴幼儿照料（辅食制作、早期启蒙）、老人陪护（基础护理、康复协助）等，部分还掌握英语教学、宠物照料等附加技能。
1. Strong Professionalism: Most Filipino maids undergo systematic training through official or third-party institutions. This training covers household chores (cleaning, storage, cooking), infant and child care (food preparation, early childhood education), and elder care (basic nursing care, rehabilitation assistance). Some also master additional skills such as English teaching and pet care.2.职业素养高：普遍具备 “尊重雇主隐私、遵守工作规则、长期稳定服务” 的意识，很少出现 “随意离职、敷衍工作” 的情况；同时，因长期在海外工作，适应能力强，能快速融入不同国家的家庭文化。
2. High Professionalism: Filipino maids generally demonstrate a commitment to respecting their employer's privacy, abiding by work rules, and ensuring long-term, stable service. Uncertainty about leaving a job or performing a perfunctory job is rare. Furthermore, due to their long experience working overseas, they possess strong adaptability and can quickly integrate into the family cultures of different countries.3.语言优势明显：英语流利是菲佣的核心竞争力之一，尤其适合有 “双语育儿” 需求的家庭（如希望孩子从小接触英语环境）；此外，在香港、澳门等粤语地区，不少菲佣还能熟练使用粤语沟通。
3. Significant Language Advantage: Fluency in English is a core strength of Filipino maids, making them particularly well-suited for families seeking bilingual parenting (e.g., those who wish to expose their children to English from an early age). Furthermore, in Cantonese-speaking regions like Hong Kong and Macau, many Filipino maids are fluent in Cantonese.
菲佣的服务范围
主要做什么？
Scope of services of Filipino domestic helpers
What do they mainly do?
根据雇主需求，菲佣的工作内容可灵活调整，常见范围包括：
基础家务：日常清洁（扫地、擦窗、整理房间）、衣物清洗与收纳（区分材质护理、熨烫）、厨房打理（餐具消毒、食材采购与储存）；
家庭照料：婴幼儿照料（喂奶、哄睡、陪玩、协助早教）、老人陪护（提醒服药、协助洗漱、陪伴散步）、宠物照料（喂食、遛狗、清洁笼舍）；
附加服务：简单的家庭餐烹饪（可根据雇主口味调整，部分会做中西餐）、英语启蒙（陪孩子读绘本、练口语）、收发快递、协助安排家庭琐事（如预约维修、整理账单）。
According to the employer's needs, the job responsibilities of a Filipino domestic helper can be flexibly adjusted, with common scopes including:
Basic housework:- Daily cleaning (sweeping, window cleaning, room tidying), clothing washing and storage (differentiated material care, ironing), kitchen management (tableware disinfection, food purchasing and storage);
Family care:- Infant and child care (feeding, putting to sleep, playing with them, assisting in early education), elderly care (reminding to take medicine, assisting with washing and grooming, accompanying walks), pet care (feeding, walking the dog, cleaning cages);
Additional services:- Simple home-cooked meal preparation (can be adjusted according to the employer's taste, some can cook Chinese and Western food), English enlightenment (accompanying children to read picture books, practicing oral English), receiving and sending express deliveries, assisting in arranging family chores (such as making maintenance appointments, organizing bills).
菲佣的全球分布
主要在哪些国家 / 地区？
Global Distribution of Filipino Domestic Workers
In which countries/regions are they mainly located?
菲佣是全球分布最广的家政群体之一，主要集中在三个区域：1.亚洲地区：中国香港、中国澳门（菲佣数量最多的地区之一，约占当地外籍家政人员的 80% 以上）、新加坡、马来西亚、日本、韩国；
2.欧美地区：美国、加拿大、英国、意大利（主要服务高收入家庭，从事高端家政或照料工作）；3.中东地区：沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋、卡塔尔（早期菲佣输出的重要市场，多服务于当地富裕家庭，薪资水平较高）。
Filipino domestic workers are one of the most widely distributed domestic service groups in the world, mainly concentrated in three regions:
1. Asian region: Hong Kong, China, Macao, China (one of the regions with the largest number of Filipino domestic workers, accounting for more than 80% of the local foreign domestic workers), Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, South Korea;
2. European and American regions: The United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Italy (mainly serving high-income families, engaged in high-end domestic service or care work);
3.Middle East region: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar (important markets for early Filipino domestic worker exports, mostly serving local wealthy families with relatively high salary levels).
在中国内地的情况
能雇佣菲佣吗？The Situation in Mainland China
Can Filipino maids be hired?需要特别注意：在中国内地，“私自雇佣菲佣” 属于违法行为。我国对于外籍人员从事家政服务工作，一直有严格规定，除香港特别行政区外，外籍人员不被允许从事家政服务。
It is important to note that "unauthorized employment of Filipino maids" is illegal in mainland China. my country has always had strict regulations regarding foreign domestic workers. With the exception of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, foreigners are not permitted to engage in domestic work.
中国大陆普通家庭直接聘请菲佣仍受严格限制，但特定群体可通过合法途径雇佣外籍家政服务人员。
Mainland Chinese families are still subject to strict restrictions on directly hiring Filipino maids, but certain groups can employ foreign domestic workers through legal channels.
不同地区政策略有差异：根据相关规定，广东省允许外籍高层次人才聘雇外籍家政服务人员，需要开出推荐函，并且写明可以为家政人员办居留证件。
Policies vary slightly across different regions:
According to relevant regulations, Guangdong Province allows foreign high-level talents to employ foreign domestic service workers. It is required to issue a recommendation letter, which should state that residence permits can be handled for the domestic workers.
上海
获得在华永久居留资格的外籍人士；
持有工作类居留证件的外籍高层次人才、创新创业人才、港澳台高层次人才。Shanghai
Foreign nationals who have obtained permanent residency in China;
Foreign high-level talents, innovative and entrepreneurial talents, and high-level talents from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan holding work-related residence permits.
这些人才需要满足以下条件之一：
These talents must meet one of the following conditions:
| 持加注“人才”类居留许可。 Holder of a residence permit annotated with “talent”. |
|---|
| 连续两年在沪就业，每年个税缴纳超过12万。 Having been employed in Shanghai for two consecutive years, with an annual individual income tax payment exceeding 120,000 yuan. |
| 上海市人社局认定的外籍高层次人才。 Foreign high-level talents recognized by the Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau. |
| 科创职业清单所属单位聘雇的行业高级专业人才。 Senior professional talents in the industry employed by the units to which the Science and Technology Innovation Occupation List belongs. |
| 具有硕士以上（含硕士）学历或学位的外籍人才，且在沪工作连续满两年。 Foreign talents with a master's degree or above (including a master's degree) who have worked in Shanghai for at least two consecutive years. |
| 具有博士研究生学历或学位且在沪工作的外籍华人。 Foreign Chinese who have a doctoral degree or diploma and work in Shanghai. |
| 曾获得上海市“荣誉市民”、“白玉兰荣誉奖”或“白玉兰纪念奖”，且仍在沪工作的外籍人才。 Foreign talents who have received Shanghai's "Honorary Citizen", "Magnolia Gold Award" or "Magnolia Memorial Award" and are still working in Shanghai. |
| 由张江国家自主创新示范区、中国（上海）自由贸易试验区、国务院批准设立的“大众创业、万众创新”示范基地内企业或上海市高等院校、科研院所聘雇的外籍人才，且在沪连续工作满两年。 Foreign talents employed by enterprises in Zhangjiang National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, "Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation" demonstration bases approved by the State Council, or by institutions of higher learning and research institutes in Shanghai, who have worked in Shanghai for at least two consecutive years. |
| 外籍投资者以自然人身份直接投资（或本人作为控股股东的公司企业在沪投资），且连续三年投资情况稳定、投资数额合计达到100万美元的（或国家鼓励类产业投资合计达到50万美元的）。 Foreign investors who make direct investments as natural persons (or whose companies or enterprises, in which they serve as controlling shareholders, invest in Shanghai), with stable investment performance for three consecutive years and a total investment amount reaching 1 million US dollars (or a total investment in national encouraged industries reaching 500,000 US dollars). |
| 上海市重点高等院校聘用的具有副高级以上职称的科研人员或教学人员。 Researchers or teaching staff with associate senior titles or above employed by key institutions of higher learning in Shanghai. |
北京
永居持有者和外籍高层次人才（A类）满足申请条件都可聘请菲佣。
Both permanent residents and foreign high-level talents (Category A) who meet the application requirements can hire Filipino domestic helpers.菲佣非特定群体可法就业现状与双重风险
Filipino domestic workers are not among the specific groups allowed to work legally
Current situation and dual risks
目前中国大陆菲佣市场存在大量 “灰色操作”，雇主与菲佣均面临法律风险：
At present, there are a large number of "gray operations" in the Filipino domestic helper market in mainland China, and both employers and Filipino domestic helpers are facing legal risks:
非法就业的常见形式
多数菲佣通过短期签证入境后逾期滞留工作，常见签证类型包括旅游签证、商务签证或留学签证；部分中介会通过 “企业挂靠” 名义办理商务签证（需挂靠企业具备社保资质），但流程复杂且后续续签成本高，本质仍属非法。
Common forms of illegal employment
Most Filipino domestic workers enter the country on short-term visas and then overstay to work. Common types of visas include tourist visas, business visas, or student visas; some intermediaries will handle business visas in the name of "enterprise affiliation" (the affiliated enterprise must have social security qualifications), but the process is complicated and the subsequent renewal costs are high, and it is still illegal in nature.
法律风险具体表现
雇主端风险：根据《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》，非法雇佣外籍家政人员的雇主，可能面临罚款（最高 10 万元）、行政拘留等处罚；菲佣端风险：若因非法就业被查获，菲佣将被依法遣返回国，且可能被限制未来一定期限内再次入境中国。
Specific manifestations of legal risks
Employer-side risks: According to the Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, employers who illegally employ foreign domestic workers may face penalties such as fines (up to 100,000 yuan) and administrative detention;
Filipino domestic worker-side risks: If caught engaging in illegal employment, Filipino domestic workers will be repatriated in accordance with the law and may be restricted from re-entering China for a certain period in the future.菲佣雇佣政策
趋势与挑战
Filipino domestic helper employment policies
Trends and Challenges
局部试点释放开放信号
广东省的外籍家政雇佣政策被视为 “试点探索”，未来不排除扩展至其他一线城市或经济发达地区；国务院发布的《稳外资行动方案》中，虽提出 “扩大服务业对外开放”，但未明确将家政服务（含外籍家政）纳入开放范畴，政策落地仍需观察后续细则。
Local pilot projects send signals of opening up
Guangdong Province's policy on hiring foreign domestic workers is regarded as a "pilot exploration". It is not ruled out that it will be expanded to other first-tier cities or economically developed regions in the future. Although the "Action Plan for Stabilizing Foreign Investment" issued by the State Council proposes to "expand the opening up of the service industry", it does not explicitly include domestic services (including foreign domestic services) in the scope of opening up, and the implementation of the policy still needs to observe subsequent detailed rules.
政策推进面临的核心挑战中国作为人口大国，低技能家政服务岗位以本地劳动力为主，开放外籍家政可能被认为 “挤占本地就业机会”，需平衡国内外劳动力市场需求。
Core challenges in advancing policies
As a country with a large population, China's low-skilled domestic service positions are mainly filled by local labor. Opening up to foreign domestic workers may be regarded as "crowding out local employment opportunities," so there is a need to balance the demand in domestic and foreign labor markets.